ABSTRACT
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules that are greater than 200 nt in length and do not have protein-coding capabilities or encode micropeptides only. LncRNAs are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other biological processes, and are closely associated with the occurrence, recurrence and metastasis of a variety of malignant hematologic diseases. This article summarizes the function, regulatory mechanism and potential clinical application of lncRNAs in leukemia. In general, lncRNAs regulate the occurrence and development of leukemia and the multi-drug resistance in chemotherapy through epigenetic modification, ribosomal RNA transcription, competitive binding with miRNA, modulating glucose metabolic pathway, and activating tumor-related signaling pathway. Studies on lncRNAs provide new references for understanding the pathogenesis of leukemia, uncovering new prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets, and addressing the problems of drug resistance and post-treatment recurrence in patients in clinical treatment of leukemia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Proliferation , Leukemia/genetics , MicroRNAs , Neoplasms , RNA, Long Noncoding/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and prognosis of renal collecting duct carcinoma (CDC).Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with renal collecting duct carcinoma,during the period from January 2015 to November 2017,were retrospectively analyzed.3 patients were male with age ranged from 42 to 73 years old,mean of 57.5 years.Two lesions were located in the right kidney and one in the left kidney.Clinical manifestations were hematuria,abdominal mass and waist and abdomen pain.No laboratorial abnormality was found.CT examination showed the tumor diameter ranged from 3.1 to 5.1 cm,mean 3.9 cm.The tumors located in the medullary and renal pelvis with low density or mixed density.Those tumors extended to the peripheral of the kidney,which the boundary was unclear.During enhancement CT,the uneven enhancement effect could be observed.Radical nepheroectomy was performed in all patients.Results Postoperative pathological examination showed surface of incision was gray.The texture of tumor was hard.The invasive growth pattern could be noticed.Under the microscope,the tumors had small ducts and papillary structures of tubules with interstitial fibrosis and some sarcomatous differentiation.Immunohistochemical staining showed strong positive expression of vimentin,CK-L,CKpan and P504S,and positive expression of PAX-2,CK7 and EMA in different degrees.RCC,KSP,CD10,CD117,MOC-31 and TFE3 were all negative.All 3 cases were followed up from 1 to 15 months with an average of 6 months.One case was treated with chemotherapy because of extensive metastases after surgery.Chemotherapy was performed by dissolving 1 500 mg of fluorouracil in 1 000 ml of 5％ normal saline and instillation.It was administered once every 10-12 hours and once a day for 5 days in one cycle.However,the outcome was poor.1 patient died of tumor metastasis and recurrence 7 months after surgery.1 patient had no tumor remaining after surgery.Conclusions CDC is a very rare malignant epithelial neoplasm in kidney.It has obvious clinical symptoms,strong invasive pattern and poor prognosis.Imaging and ultrasonography only play an auxiliary role in diagnosis.CDC's unique histopathology is the main basis of diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
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Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum cystatin C (sCysC) and APACHE Ⅱ score in predicting diagosis and prognosis of acute kidney injury(AKI) in patients with sepsis. Methods In this study, we prospectively enrolled 138 adult patients with sepsis who had been admitted to the mixed ICU of Xiaolan Hospital of Southern Medical University during March 2015 to January 2016. According to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criterion, the patients were divided into non-AKI group and AKI group (including mild AKI and severe AKI). The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve and the area under curve(AUC) were used to evaluate these indexes' capability of detecting septic AKI and its prognosis. Results In this study,72 patients (52.2％) developed AKI. The levels of sCysC and APACHE Ⅱ score were significantly higher in AKI than in non-AKI (P<0.05). In total, 33 patients (23.9％) developed severe AKI. The levels of sCysC and APACHE Ⅱscore were significantly higher in severe AKI than in non-AKI and mild AKI (P<0.05) . Combination of sCysC and APACHE Ⅱ score predicted AKI and severe AKI after ICU admission with a higherAUC value (0.880&0.930) than each biomarker alone. In this cohort, in-hospital mortality was 19.6％and renal replacement therapy rate was 9.4％,which were strikingly higher in AKI group than non AKI group (P<0.05). Conclusions sCysC is a novel indexes for predicting AKI and its prognosis in patients with sepsis. Combinating with APACHE Ⅱ score can further improve its predictive performance of AKI detection and short-term prognosis.
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El accidente cerebrovascular hemodinámico es una entidad pobremente descripta. Puede ser causada por enfermedades sistémicas tales como insuficiencia cardíaca o hipotensión y también por la obstrucción grave de las arterias carótidas o vertebrales. Los pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular hemodinámico pueden mostrar características clínicas específicas que los distinguen de los pacientes con embolia o enfermedad de pequeños vasos. Los estudios complementarios de perfusión cerebral pueden mostrar si el flujo de sangre al cerebro se ve comprometido y proporcionar información de valor pronóstico. El tratamiento dirigido a incrementar el flujo sanguíneo cerebral podría ser considerado en pacientes con estenosis graves de las arterias extracraneanas sobre la base de la información proveniente de series de casos. (AU)
Hemodynamic stroke is a poorly described entity. It can be caused by systemic diseases such as heart failure or hypotension, but also by severe obstruction of the carotid or vertebral arteries. Patients with hemodynamic cerebrovascular event might show specific clinical features that distinguish them from patients with embolism or local small-vessel disease. Complementary studies of cerebral perfusion can show whether blood flow to the brain is compromised and provide important prognostic information. Treatment aimed at increasing cerebral blood flow might be considered in patients with severa extracraneal artery stenosis on the basis of information from case series. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Hemodynamics , Prognosis , Stroke/surgery , Stroke/physiopathology , Stroke/therapy , Perfusion ImagingABSTRACT
The paper introduces technologies related to data mining , including the feature selection , outlier detection model , cluste-ring model, association rule model, classification model, ensemble learning algorithm, etc.It makes detailed explanation of the applica-tion of data mining in the diagnosis , prognosis and management of clinical malignant tumors .
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with hallmark pathologies including extracellular Aβ protein deposition in extracellular senile plaques and vessels, and intraneuronal tau deposition as neurofibrillary tangles. The current study comprises the oxidative modifications associated with the pathological lesions of neuronal damage characterized AD. The repeated exposure to aluminum and heavy metals, mutations in a number of chromosomes and genes, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and brain injury, are the major causes for these modifications. There is clearly a need for the identification and development of panels of biomarkers for accurate diagnosis and early detection of sporadic AD. Thus, a collection of the most globally manifested expeditious diagnostic tools for early detection of AD is outlined in this review. Also, a survey of the vast clinically approved therapeutic modalities for restricting and even treating the symptoms of AD is summarized. These arguments provide useful information in both understanding pathogenesis as well as accessing the novel treatment approaches for AD.
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A atuação profissional voltada para crianças com problemas de origem orgânica, com prognóstico desfavorável, merece reflexão, por sua relação com o desenvolvimento psicológico da criança. Foi realizado o estudo de caso de uma criança com diagnósticos de problemas orgânicos e queixas de comportamentos agressivos e competitivos. Analisou-se sua participação, durante três anos, em projeto de intervenção em grupo, com foco em seus modos de participação e interações com parceiros. Foram identificadas competências e modalidades cooperativas de participação, que se tornaram mais diversificadas e complexas ao longo do período de observação. O estudo permitiu uma ampliação do olhar para as possibilidades e dificuldades da criança, sugerindo análises mais abrangentes do desenvolvimento de crianças com múltiplas queixas.
Professional practice directed to children with organic problems and unfavorable prognosis deserves attention since it is directly related to the psychological development of the child. It is presented the case study of a child with diagnoses of organic problems and behavioral complaints characterized as aggressive and competitive. It was analyzed the participation of the child, during three years, in a project of intervention in groups, with focus on modes of participation and peer interaction. The analysis allowed the identification of competencies and cooperative modalities of participation, which became more diversified and complex during the period of observation. With this study, it was possible to take a wider perspective of the possibilities and difficulties of the child, suggesting the need of broader analyses of the development of children with multiple developmental complaints.